Introduction
In Microsoft Excel, a function
is a predefined formula that performs specific calculations or operations on data. Functions are essential tools in Excel, allowing users to process and analyze data quickly and efficiently. They save time by automating calculations and can handle anything from simple arithmetic to complex statistical or logical operations.
Key Characteristics of Excel Functions:
- Predefined: Built into Excel for various purposes.
- Syntax: Every function has a specific syntax (structure) that must be followed.
- Arguments: Inputs required for the function to work. These can be numbers, text, cell references, or ranges.
The key difference between an Excel formula and an Excel function lies in their definition and usage:
Excel Formula
- Definition: A formula is a user-defined expression that performs calculations using operators (e.g.,
+
, , ,/
) and cell references. - Created By: Users manually write formulas to meet specific needs.
- Flexibility: You can use simple arithmetic or combine multiple functions and operators.
- Example:
=A1 + A2
(adds the values in cells A1 and A2)=(B1 * C1) + D1
(multiplies B1 and C1, then adds D1)
2. Excel Function
- Definition: A function is a predefined formula built into Excel that performs a specific task.
- Created By: Microsoft provides these functions for common tasks.
- Example:
=SUM(A1:A10)
(adds all the numbers in the range A1 to A10)=IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail")
(returns "Pass" if A1 > 50; otherwise, "Fail")
Purpose: Simplifies complex operations or repetitive tasks by encapsulating the logic in a single keyword.
Key Differences
Aspect | Formula | Function |
Definition | User-defined expression with operators. | Predefined formula by Excel. |
Complexity | Can be simple or complex. | Simplifies specific tasks. |
Customization | Fully customizable by the user. | Limited to the logic built into Excel. |
Ease of Use | May require more effort to write. | Easy to use with predefined keywords. |
Example | =A1 + A2 | =SUM(A1:A2) |
𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 𝗢𝘂𝘁𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 ▔▔▔▔▔▔▔ 👋 Intro
- Welcome
- What is Excel?
- About Course 0️⃣ Excel Setup
- Excel Install 1️⃣ Spreadsheets Intro
- Worksheets
- Workbooks
- Ribbon 2️⃣ Formulas & Functions
- Formulas Intro
- Function Intro
- Logical Functions
- Math Functions
- Statistical Functions
- Array Formulas
- Lookup Function
- Text Functions
- Date and Time Functions 3️⃣ Charts
- Charts Intro
- Charts Advanced
- Charts Statistics
- Sparklines 4️⃣ Spreadsheet Advanced
- Tables
- Formatting
- Collaboration 📊 Project #1 - Salary Dashboard
- Project #1: Build Dashboard
- Project #1: Share Projects 5️⃣ PivotTables
- PivotTable Intro
- PivotTable Advanced
- PivotCharts 6️⃣ Advanced Data Analysis
- Analysis Add-ins
- Data Tables
- Analysis ToolPak 7️⃣ Power Query
- Power Query Intro
- Power Query Editor
- Advanced Transformations
- Append vs Merge
- M Language 8️⃣ Power Pivot / DAX
- Power Pivot Intro
- Power Pivot Window
- DAX Intro
- DAX Advanced 📈 Project #2 - Salary Analysis
- Project #2: Share w/ Git & GitHub
- Project #2: Document w/ README.md
Lookup and Reference Functions Guide
1. Reference and Address Functions (Learn these first – essential for understanding dynamic referencing)
2. Lookup and Match Functions (Core for data retrieval and financial modeling)
Function | Description |
LOOKUP | Searches for a value in a range |
VLOOKUP | Looks vertically in a table |
HLOOKUP | Looks horizontally in a table |
XLOOKUP (2021) | Modern, versatile lookup function |
XMATCH (2021) | Returns position like MATCH but more powerful |
3. Array Shaping & Manipulation (Study next if you work with dynamic arrays or Excel 365)
Function | Description |
CHOOSECOLS / CHOOSEROWS (2024) | Returns specific rows/columns |
DROP / TAKE (2024) | Removes or selects rows/columns from arrays |
EXPAND (2024) | Pads arrays to a defined size |
HSTACK / VSTACK (2024) | Combine arrays horizontally/vertically |
WRAPCOLS / WRAPROWS (2024) | Wraps values by column or row |
TOCOL / TOROW (2024) | Convert arrays into a single column/row |
TRANSPOSE | Swaps rows and columns |
4. Data Filtering and Sorting (Key for cleaning and organizing data)
Function | Description |
FILTER (2021) | Filters data based on criteria |
SORT / SORTBY (2021) | Sorts arrays or ranges |
UNIQUE (2021) | Returns distinct values from a list |
5. Aggregation, Pivot, and Grouping (Advanced – useful for reports and dashboards)
Function | Description |
GETPIVOTDATA | Extracts data from PivotTable |
GROUPBY (365) | Groups and summarizes data |
PIVOTBY (365) | Pivot and aggregate based on rows/columns |
TRIMRANGE (365) | Removes surrounding blank rows/columns |
6. Selection and Choice Functions (Great for dashboards and logic building)
Function | Description |
CHOOSE | Selects a value from a list |
AREAS | Counts ranges in a reference |
7. Utility and Text Display (Helpful for documentation and linking)
Function | Description |
FORMULATEXT (2013) | Displays the formula in a cell |
HYPERLINK | Creates clickable links |
IMAGE (2024) | Inserts images via formulas |
RTD | Retrieves live data from external source (advanced use) |