Excel Learning Guide
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Excel Learning Guide

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Sep 1, 2025 10:05 PM
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Introduction

In Microsoft Excel, a function is a predefined formula that performs specific calculations or operations on data. Functions are essential tools in Excel, allowing users to process and analyze data quickly and efficiently. They save time by automating calculations and can handle anything from simple arithmetic to complex statistical or logical operations.

Key Characteristics of Excel Functions:

  1. Predefined: Built into Excel for various purposes.
  2. Syntax: Every function has a specific syntax (structure) that must be followed.
  3. Arguments: Inputs required for the function to work. These can be numbers, text, cell references, or ranges.

The key difference between an Excel formula and an Excel function lies in their definition and usage:

Excel Formula

  • Definition: A formula is a user-defined expression that performs calculations using operators (e.g., +, , , /) and cell references.
  • Created By: Users manually write formulas to meet specific needs.
  • Flexibility: You can use simple arithmetic or combine multiple functions and operators.
  • Example:
    • =A1 + A2 (adds the values in cells A1 and A2)
    • =(B1 * C1) + D1 (multiplies B1 and C1, then adds D1)

2. Excel Function

  • Definition: A function is a predefined formula built into Excel that performs a specific task.
  • Created By: Microsoft provides these functions for common tasks.
  • Purpose: Simplifies complex operations or repetitive tasks by encapsulating the logic in a single keyword.

  • Example:
    • =SUM(A1:A10) (adds all the numbers in the range A1 to A10)
    • =IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail") (returns "Pass" if A1 > 50; otherwise, "Fail")

Key Differences

Aspect
Formula
Function
Definition
User-defined expression with operators.
Predefined formula by Excel.
Complexity
Can be simple or complex.
Simplifies specific tasks.
Customization
Fully customizable by the user.
Limited to the logic built into Excel.
Ease of Use
May require more effort to write.
Easy to use with predefined keywords.
Example
=A1 + A2
=SUM(A1:A2)

𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲 𝗢𝘂𝘁𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 ▔▔▔▔▔▔▔ 👋 Intro

0:00:00

- Welcome

0:03:53

- What is Excel?

0:07:19

- About Course 0️⃣ Excel Setup

0:11:19

- Excel Install 1️⃣ Spreadsheets Intro

0:22:42

- Worksheets

0:39:15

- Workbooks

0:52:06

- Ribbon 2️⃣ Formulas & Functions

1:06:39

- Formulas Intro

1:18:08

- Function Intro

1:29:14

- Logical Functions

1:39:54

- Math Functions

1:49:46

- Statistical Functions

2:01:14

- Array Formulas

2:21:28

- Lookup Function

2:39:25

- Text Functions

2:53:19

- Date and Time Functions 3️⃣ Charts

3:01:33

- Charts Intro

3:22:05

- Charts Advanced

3:35:37

- Charts Statistics

3:47:59

- Sparklines 4️⃣ Spreadsheet Advanced

3:51:57

- Tables

4:09:28

- Formatting

4:26:00

- Collaboration 📊 Project #1 - Salary Dashboard

4:40:30

- Project #1: Build Dashboard

5:26:43

- Project #1: Share Projects 5️⃣ PivotTables

5:33:46

- PivotTable Intro

5:54:53

- PivotTable Advanced

6:09:33

- PivotCharts 6️⃣ Advanced Data Analysis

6:19:43

- Analysis Add-ins

6:39:00

- Data Tables

6:48:06

- Analysis ToolPak 7️⃣ Power Query

7:03:04

- Power Query Intro

7:23:26

- Power Query Editor

7:53:13

- Advanced Transformations

8:14:58

- Append vs Merge

8:39:13

- M Language 8️⃣ Power Pivot / DAX

9:03:11

- Power Pivot Intro

9:29:01

- Power Pivot Window

9:48:18

- DAX Intro

10:09:34

- DAX Advanced 📈 Project #2 - Salary Analysis

10:27:40

- Project #2: Share w/ Git & GitHub

10:45:13

- Project #2: Document w/ README.md

Lookup and Reference Functions Guide

1. Reference and Address Functions (Learn these first – essential for understanding dynamic referencing)

2. Lookup and Match Functions (Core for data retrieval and financial modeling)

Function
Description
LOOKUP
Searches for a value in a range
VLOOKUP
Looks vertically in a table
HLOOKUP
Looks horizontally in a table
XLOOKUP (2021)
Modern, versatile lookup function
XMATCH (2021)
Returns position like MATCH but more powerful

3. Array Shaping & Manipulation (Study next if you work with dynamic arrays or Excel 365)

Function
Description
CHOOSECOLS / CHOOSEROWS (2024)
Returns specific rows/columns
DROP / TAKE (2024)
Removes or selects rows/columns from arrays
EXPAND (2024)
Pads arrays to a defined size
HSTACK / VSTACK (2024)
Combine arrays horizontally/vertically
WRAPCOLS / WRAPROWS (2024)
Wraps values by column or row
TOCOL / TOROW (2024)
Convert arrays into a single column/row
TRANSPOSE
Swaps rows and columns

4. Data Filtering and Sorting (Key for cleaning and organizing data)

Function
Description
FILTER (2021)
Filters data based on criteria
SORT / SORTBY (2021)
Sorts arrays or ranges
UNIQUE (2021)
Returns distinct values from a list

5. Aggregation, Pivot, and Grouping (Advanced – useful for reports and dashboards)

Function
Description
GETPIVOTDATA
Extracts data from PivotTable
GROUPBY (365)
Groups and summarizes data
PIVOTBY (365)
Pivot and aggregate based on rows/columns
TRIMRANGE (365)
Removes surrounding blank rows/columns

6. Selection and Choice Functions (Great for dashboards and logic building)

Function
Description
CHOOSE
Selects a value from a list
AREAS
Counts ranges in a reference

7. Utility and Text Display (Helpful for documentation and linking)

Function
Description
FORMULATEXT (2013)
Displays the formula in a cell
HYPERLINK
Creates clickable links
IMAGE (2024)
Inserts images via formulas
RTD
Retrieves live data from external source (advanced use)